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Contact 020 7488 3614 Menu Services Industries Careers About Blog Contact Us 020 7488 3614 About Complaints Procedure Meet Our Team Testimonials Ask Howlader & Co As seen in Ask Howlader & Co Complaints Procedure Meet Our Team Testimonials About Chartered Accountants Chartered Tax Advisers ICAEW / CIOT / ACCA accredited Over 50 years’ experience Fast, reliable and friendly We save our clients money Contact Us Of all the tax accountants London has to offer, not many can boast Big-Four experience minus the fees and jargon. Based in the heart of London’s financial centre, our ACCA-accredited team is made up of former Big Four Chartered Accountants and Chartered Tax Advisers. Our director, Hasib Howlader, has been an ICAEW-accredited accountant for over 15 years. We’re CIOT-accredited, too – so we’ve proven our commitment to meeting the very best professional standards. In our 40 years’ experience, we’ve built up a huge range of happy clients. From large firms, to sole traders and contractors, they’ll all tell you we’re responsive, effective and competitively priced. What’s more, our expertise has had us featured in national publications including the Sunday Times and the Telegraph. Every client is unique, and understanding your particular needs and preferences is at the core of everything we do. Choose a reliable, friendly and fast accountant London entrepreneurs and businesses trust with their money. We pride ourselves on friendliness, a personal touch and explaining things in plain English. If you’d like to find out any more about what we can offer, please get in touch! Google Rating5.0Based on 69 reviews Howlader & Co Chartered Accountants in London 5.0×Jonathan E.12:48 21 May 20The very best. Gived me advide regarding a pretty complex subject.Selina C.17:08 31 Jan 20Big thanks to Claudia for submitting my self assessment tax return. She is very organised, thorough and prompt. Great communication throughout the process.Steph D.08:32 23 Nov 19Most thankful to Claudia and her team. They’ve saved me couple of times from some difficult situations. Amazing service.Veronicaleen A.15:50 28 Oct 19Very very happy with their service. Most helpful with my queries. Will go back if neededEkta G.12:54 27 Oct 19Alisa Boiesan from Howlader & Co looks after my company's account. She is very organised and provides excellent advise. It is always very easy to communicate with the company if any crisis or emergency arises. I would highly recommend them!Teodora J.19:14 30 Sep 19I am very happy to have found Howlader & Co. Roland and the team is amazing.They were very helpful, friendly and have answered promptly my queries.I highly recommend them.Kinds regards, Teodoraangela P.11:56 26 Sep 19Very helpful completing our company accounts and dealing with questions.MAX M.13:13 19 Mar 19Very very happy with their service. Most helpful with my queries. Will go back if needed .Jack R.11:23 10 Feb 19As a self-employed TV News Producer, I cannot emphasise enough how insightful, transparent and prompt Howlader & Co have been in my self-assessment tax affairs. They have provided succinct, easily actionable guidance as to my Limited Company. In addition, they also offered excellent and understandable advice concerning what I had initially deemed to be my complicated international tax affairs. However, once Howlader & Co reviewed my double-taxation concerns, they put my mind at ease and provided a reliable financial prescription for which I am very thankful.Jack R.11:23 10 Feb 19As a self-employed TV News Producer, I cannot emphasise enough how insightful, transparent and prompt Howlader & Co have been in my self-assessment tax affairs. They have provided succinct, easily actionable guidance as to my Limited Company. In addition, they also offered excellent and understandable advice concerning what I had initially deemed to be my complicated international tax affairs. However, once Howlader & Co reviewed my double-taxation concerns, they put my mind at ease and provided a reliable financial prescription for which I am very thankful.Ashiq B.15:54 22 Jan 19I have been with Howlader & Co for 2 years now and have had outstanding service from my accountant there. Claudia is always very prompt replying to emails and extremely helpful in dealing with my tax returns/ appeals and everything else. I just want to take the opportunity to thank you Claudia for everything you have done over the last 2 years and for securing my appeal to HMRC very recently. I look forward to dealing with you more in the future. Kind regards, ChiqJoss P.15:34 07 Jan 19Excellent, helpful, user friendly and professional with very competitive fees - what more could you want!! Thanks AndreiKitty J.14:12 19 Aug 18Working with Eva Grammatea at Howlader has been extremely helpful for me at this crucial stage of growing my fashion business. Eva is always on hand to answer my questions, and provide advice each step of the way. She takes her time to explain things to me carefully, no matter how minor or seemingly obvious the questions are. I never wait long for replies on emails. Her advice has helped to grow the profits of my company and I couldn't be more grateful. I feel very happy and confident to have my accounts in her capable hands. Thank you Eva and thank you Howlader! KittySee all reviewsWrite a review Get in touch Give us a ring at 020 7488 3614, or complete the contact form below and we will get in touch. Name* Enquiry*Phone Number Email* Personal Data* I agree to my personal details being stored. See our Privacy PolicyCAPTCHA Any information that you provide to Howlader & Co will be stored securely and used for the purposes of responding to your query. We will not pass on your data to any third-parties without your explicit consent, and will securely delete any personal data that you request us to erase. 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Contact 020 7488 3614 Menu Services Industries Careers About Blog Contact Us 020 7488 3614 Search As seen in VAT Oddities – Never mind Jaffa cakes – what about Skips vs. Monster Munch? Hasib Howlader | 31st January 2025 The UK is renowned for having one of the most complicated tax systems in the world. One facet of this is VAT, or Value Added Tax, which is currently paid on the purchase of some items. An in-depth look at the rules – what is VAT-able and what isn’t – throws up some unusual findings. Products are Standard-rated, Zero-rated or Exempt from VAT. If they are standard rated, you pay 20% extra in tax. If zero-rated they are still technically VAT-able, however the rate is 0%. If they are exempt, there is no VAT to pay. So standard rated –bad, zero rated/exempt –good for the customer. One of the more famous cases is that of the humble Jaffa Cake. In 1991, its makers – McVities – went to court to argue that Jaffa cakes are, as the name suggests, cakes, and therefore zero-rated for VAT. HMRC’s argument was that given their size, and their usual consumption as an alternative to biscuits, VAT should be charged at the standard rate (like any other chocolate-covered biscuit). The courts found in favour of McVities, with a critical aspect of the case being what happens when biscuits or cakes go stale. Jaffa cakes were found to go hard instead of soft, when they go stale – like cakes. Another area of contention is that of crisps – take Doritos and Pringles. To the layman, both would fall under the category of ‘crisps’, however the taxman is a more discerning connoisseur. Doritos, being comprised primarily of corn, are zero-rated for VAT. Pringles however are standard-rated, due to their potato content. A list of common snack products can be found here, but I’ve included some highlights for you below. – Monster Munch and Wotsits are standard-rated, but Skips and Twiglets are zero-rated. – Poppadoms, rice crackers, croutons and pork scratchings are zero-rated. – Rice cakes – sweetened rice cakes are zero-rated (they are classified with biscuits), savoury flavoured rice cakes are standard-rated. Plain salted rice cakes may or may not be VAT-able, depending on the circumstances. Other Curios – Food We’ve gone through the rule-book to find some of the more illogical decisions and definitions made by HMRC. – Toffee/Chocolate covered apples vs other fruit – Chocolate coated apples are zero-rated, but any other chocolate/yoghurt/toffee coated fruit is standard rated. – Gingerbread men decorated with chocolate are standard rated ‘unless this amounts to no more than a couple of dots for eyes’ (Yes, HMRC really does say that) in which case it is zero rated. – As in the McVities case above, chocolate covered biscuits are standard-rated, but non-covered biscuits are zero-rated. Chocolate chip cookies are zero-rated ‘where the chips are included in the dough or pressed into the surface before baking’. – Ever wonder why cafés ask you if your order is to drink in or takeaway? Your coffee or tea, if consumed on the premises is standard rated for VAT, but if you take it away, it is zero-rated. – Herbs for consumption are zero-rated. Those that are for ornamental and culinary use may be zero-rated depending on the circumstances – bay plants must not exceed 50cm in height, for example. So if you are using bay leaves for your lamb curry then you don’t pay any VAT, but if a large bay plant is in your living room, then you do! If you’re finding this interesting, recently in the VAT section of our blog we have covered: Director salary Working remotely abroad for UK company tax implications How to treat VAT on recharged expenses And more! So, is there VAT on food? The answer is not as straightforward as one might expect. In the UK, the application of VAT on food items is a complex affair, with various rates and exemptions depending on the type of food, how it’s prepared, and where it’s consumed. Generally speaking, most food and drink for human consumption is zero-rated for VAT purposes. This means that while VAT is technically applied, it’s at a rate of 0%, effectively making these items VAT-free. This zero-rating applies to many basic foodstuffs such as bread, milk, fruits, vegetables, raw meat, fish, and cereals. The rationale behind this is to keep essential food items affordable for everyone. However, there are notable exceptions to this rule. Certain food items are subject to the standard VAT rate, which is currently 20%. These include: Catering: Any food supplied in the course of catering, including restaurant meals and hot takeaway food, is subject to standard-rate VAT. Alcoholic drinks: All alcoholic beverages are standard-rated, regardless of where they’re consumed. Confectionery: Sweets, chocolates, and other confectionery items are standard-rated. Crisps and savoury snacks: These are also subject to the standard rate. Hot food: Food that is supplied hot for immediate consumption, such as hot sandwiches or baked potatoes with hot fillings, attracts standard-rate VAT. Sports drinks: These are standard-rated, along with other soft drinks and mineral water. Ice cream: Ice cream industries and similar frozen products are subject to standard-rate VAT. The distinction between hot and cold food can be particularly tricky. For VAT purposes, food is considered ‘hot’ if it’s above ambient temperature when sold. This leads to some interesting scenarios. For instance, a cold pasty is zero-rated, but if it’s sold hot, it becomes standard-rated. This rule famously led to the ‘pasty tax’ controversy in 2012, when the government attempted to clarify the VAT treatment of hot takeaway food vs cold takeaway food. It’s also worth noting that the place of consumption can affect the VAT rate. Food consumed on the premises of the supplier is always standard-rated, even if it would be zero-rated in a retail sale for consumption off-premises. This applies to any designated eating areas, including shared spaces in food courts. For businesses in the food industry, understanding these rules is crucial. They must charge the correct VAT rate on their products and accurately report this in their VAT returns. Failure to do so can result in penalties. The complexity of VAT on food can lead to some seemingly arbitrary distinctions. Potato crisps are standard-rated, but vegetable crisps are zero-rated. Chocolate-covered biscuits are standard-rated, but chocolate chip biscuits are zero-rated. These nuances highlight the importance of careful consideration when determining the VAT liability of food products. Some items that might seem like food products are actually not considered food for VAT purposes. These include dietary supplements, food additives, and certain luxury items. In these cases, they are treated as not a food product and are subject to standard-rate VAT. In conclusion, the VAT rules on food are complex. The general principle is that basic, unprocessed food items are zero-rated, while prepared foods, snacks, and drinks often attract the standard rate. However, the devil is in the details and businesses in the food industry must navigate a complex set of rules to ensure they’re applying VAT correctly. As always, when in doubt, it’s advisable to consult with a tax professional. Choose a reliable, friendly and fast accountant London entrepreneurs and businesses trust with their money. 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Contact 020 7488 3614 Menu Services Industries Careers About Blog Contact Us 020 7488 3614 About Complaints Procedure Meet Our Team Testimonials Ask Howlader & Co As seen in Ask Howlader & Co Complaints Procedure Meet Our Team Testimonials About Chartered Accountants Chartered Tax Advisers ICAEW / CIOT / ACCA accredited Over 50 years’ experience Fast, reliable and friendly We save our clients money Contact Us Of all the tax accountants London has to offer, not many can boast Big-Four experience minus the fees and jargon. Based in the heart of London’s financial centre, our ACCA-accredited team is made up of former Big Four Chartered Accountants and Chartered Tax Advisers. Our director, Hasib Howlader, has been an ICAEW-accredited accountant for over 15 years. We’re CIOT-accredited, too – so we’ve proven our commitment to meeting the very best professional standards. In our 40 years’ experience, we’ve built up a huge range of happy clients. From large firms, to sole traders and contractors, they’ll all tell you we’re responsive, effective and competitively priced. What’s more, our expertise has had us featured in national publications including the Sunday Times and the Telegraph. Every client is unique, and understanding your particular needs and preferences is at the core of everything we do. Choose a reliable, friendly and fast accountant London entrepreneurs and businesses trust with their money. We pride ourselves on friendliness, a personal touch and explaining things in plain English. If you’d like to find out any more about what we can offer, please get in touch! Google Rating5.0Based on 69 reviews Howlader & Co Chartered Accountants in London 5.0×Jonathan E.12:48 21 May 20The very best. Gived me advide regarding a pretty complex subject.Selina C.17:08 31 Jan 20Big thanks to Claudia for submitting my self assessment tax return. She is very organised, thorough and prompt. Great communication throughout the process.Steph D.08:32 23 Nov 19Most thankful to Claudia and her team. They’ve saved me couple of times from some difficult situations. Amazing service.Veronicaleen A.15:50 28 Oct 19Very very happy with their service. Most helpful with my queries. Will go back if neededEkta G.12:54 27 Oct 19Alisa Boiesan from Howlader & Co looks after my company's account. She is very organised and provides excellent advise. It is always very easy to communicate with the company if any crisis or emergency arises. I would highly recommend them!Teodora J.19:14 30 Sep 19I am very happy to have found Howlader & Co. Roland and the team is amazing.They were very helpful, friendly and have answered promptly my queries.I highly recommend them.Kinds regards, Teodoraangela P.11:56 26 Sep 19Very helpful completing our company accounts and dealing with questions.MAX M.13:13 19 Mar 19Very very happy with their service. Most helpful with my queries. Will go back if needed .Jack R.11:23 10 Feb 19As a self-employed TV News Producer, I cannot emphasise enough how insightful, transparent and prompt Howlader & Co have been in my self-assessment tax affairs. They have provided succinct, easily actionable guidance as to my Limited Company. In addition, they also offered excellent and understandable advice concerning what I had initially deemed to be my complicated international tax affairs. However, once Howlader & Co reviewed my double-taxation concerns, they put my mind at ease and provided a reliable financial prescription for which I am very thankful.Jack R.11:23 10 Feb 19As a self-employed TV News Producer, I cannot emphasise enough how insightful, transparent and prompt Howlader & Co have been in my self-assessment tax affairs. They have provided succinct, easily actionable guidance as to my Limited Company. In addition, they also offered excellent and understandable advice concerning what I had initially deemed to be my complicated international tax affairs. However, once Howlader & Co reviewed my double-taxation concerns, they put my mind at ease and provided a reliable financial prescription for which I am very thankful.Ashiq B.15:54 22 Jan 19I have been with Howlader & Co for 2 years now and have had outstanding service from my accountant there. Claudia is always very prompt replying to emails and extremely helpful in dealing with my tax returns/ appeals and everything else. I just want to take the opportunity to thank you Claudia for everything you have done over the last 2 years and for securing my appeal to HMRC very recently. I look forward to dealing with you more in the future. Kind regards, ChiqJoss P.15:34 07 Jan 19Excellent, helpful, user friendly and professional with very competitive fees - what more could you want!! Thanks AndreiKitty J.14:12 19 Aug 18Working with Eva Grammatea at Howlader has been extremely helpful for me at this crucial stage of growing my fashion business. Eva is always on hand to answer my questions, and provide advice each step of the way. She takes her time to explain things to me carefully, no matter how minor or seemingly obvious the questions are. I never wait long for replies on emails. Her advice has helped to grow the profits of my company and I couldn't be more grateful. I feel very happy and confident to have my accounts in her capable hands. Thank you Eva and thank you Howlader! KittySee all reviewsWrite a review Get in touch Give us a ring at 020 7488 3614, or complete the contact form below and we will get in touch. Name* Enquiry*Phone Number Email* Personal Data* I agree to my personal details being stored. 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Contact 020 7488 3614 Menu Services Industries Careers About Blog Contact Us 020 7488 3614 Contact Us There are a lot of accounting companies in London. If you think we’re the right one for you, why not get in touch? We’d love to talk! Tel: 020 7488 3614 Fax: 020 7481 8303Address: Suite 1, 56 Leman St, Whitechapel, London E1 8EUClosest Tube Station: Aldgate East (District and Hammersmith and City Lines) Want to keep up with the latest financial news, straight from us? 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Contact 020 7488 3614 Menu Services Industries Careers About Blog Contact Us 020 7488 3614 Click here to see our Tax Calculator #services-scroll-link { position: relative; z-index: 999; } .rplg .rplg-badge-fixed { position: absolute !important; height:120px!important; right: 30px !important; top: 140px !important; max-width: none !important; z-index: 102 !important; } @media only screen and (max-width: 580px) { .rplg .rplg-badge-fixed { left: 0 !important; top: 125px !important; } } .rplg .rplg-badge2 svg{ display: none !Important; } .rplg-badge2-border {display: none !Important} .rplg-badge2 .rplg-badge2-btn, .rplg-badge2 .rplg-badge2-btn:hover, .rplg .rplg-badge2 {background: none !Important; box-shadow: none !Important } .rplg .rplg-biz-based .rplg-biz-based-text, .rplg .rplg-biz-rating.rplg-biz-google > span { color: #fee400 !Important; text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) !Important; } .rplg-stars svg path { fill:#fee400 !Important; border: 1px solid #666 !important } .rplg .rplg-badge2 .rplg-stars svg { display: inline-block !Important; filter: drop-shadow( 1px 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, .4))!Important; width: 28px !Important; height: 48px !Important; } .rplg .rplg-biz-based .rplg-biz-based-text {font-size: 18px !Important; } .rplg .rplg-biz-rating.rplg-biz-google > span {font-size: 24px !Important;} .rplg-badge2 .rplg-badge2-btn.rplg-badge2-clickable:hover { background:none!important } .rplg-badge2-score > div { color: #666 !Important; } @media only screen and (max-width: 580px) { .rplg-badge2-score > div { display: none !Important; } } Google Rating5.0Based on 69 reviews Howlader & Co Chartered Accountants in London 5.0×Jonathan E.12:48 21 May 20The very best. Gived me advide regarding a pretty complex subject.Selina C.17:08 31 Jan 20Big thanks to Claudia for submitting my self assessment tax return. She is very organised, thorough and prompt. Great communication throughout the process.Steph D.08:32 23 Nov 19Most thankful to Claudia and her team. They’ve saved me couple of times from some difficult situations. Amazing service.Veronicaleen A.15:50 28 Oct 19Very very happy with their service. Most helpful with my queries. Will go back if neededEkta G.12:54 27 Oct 19Alisa Boiesan from Howlader & Co looks after my company's account. She is very organised and provides excellent advise. It is always very easy to communicate with the company if any crisis or emergency arises. I would highly recommend them!Teodora J.19:14 30 Sep 19I am very happy to have found Howlader & Co. Roland and the team is amazing.They were very helpful, friendly and have answered promptly my queries.I highly recommend them.Kinds regards, Teodoraangela P.11:56 26 Sep 19Very helpful completing our company accounts and dealing with questions.MAX M.13:13 19 Mar 19Very very happy with their service. Most helpful with my queries. Will go back if needed .Jack R.11:23 10 Feb 19As a self-employed TV News Producer, I cannot emphasise enough how insightful, transparent and prompt Howlader & Co have been in my self-assessment tax affairs. They have provided succinct, easily actionable guidance as to my Limited Company. In addition, they also offered excellent and understandable advice concerning what I had initially deemed to be my complicated international tax affairs. However, once Howlader & Co reviewed my double-taxation concerns, they put my mind at ease and provided a reliable financial prescription for which I am very thankful.Jack R.11:23 10 Feb 19As a self-employed TV News Producer, I cannot emphasise enough how insightful, transparent and prompt Howlader & Co have been in my self-assessment tax affairs. They have provided succinct, easily actionable guidance as to my Limited Company. In addition, they also offered excellent and understandable advice concerning what I had initially deemed to be my complicated international tax affairs. However, once Howlader & Co reviewed my double-taxation concerns, they put my mind at ease and provided a reliable financial prescription for which I am very thankful.Ashiq B.15:54 22 Jan 19I have been with Howlader & Co for 2 years now and have had outstanding service from my accountant there. Claudia is always very prompt replying to emails and extremely helpful in dealing with my tax returns/ appeals and everything else. I just want to take the opportunity to thank you Claudia for everything you have done over the last 2 years and for securing my appeal to HMRC very recently. I look forward to dealing with you more in the future. Kind regards, ChiqJoss P.15:34 07 Jan 19Excellent, helpful, user friendly and professional with very competitive fees - what more could you want!! Thanks AndreiKitty J.14:12 19 Aug 18Working with Eva Grammatea at Howlader has been extremely helpful for me at this crucial stage of growing my fashion business. Eva is always on hand to answer my questions, and provide advice each step of the way. She takes her time to explain things to me carefully, no matter how minor or seemingly obvious the questions are. I never wait long for replies on emails. Her advice has helped to grow the profits of my company and I couldn't be more grateful. I feel very happy and confident to have my accounts in her capable hands. Thank you Eva and thank you Howlader! KittySee all reviewsWrite a review Chartered Accountants Responsive Experienced Friendly & Chartered Tax Advisers Reliable Professional Affordable Request a Quote Howlader & Co Chartered Accountants London With 50 years’ experience assisting London businesses of all shapes and sizes, we’ve got the expertise to help your company thrive. We are a group of friendly and dynamic Chartered Accountants in London. Our clients are always at the centre of what we do because we know that no two businesses are the same. By building relationships, we ensure that all our work is highly informed and tailored to your needs. Our expert London accountants will help you be as tax efficient as possible and get the most out of your business. As a firm of chartered accountants in London, we’re passionate about seeing London’s businesses succeed. We believe that great financial advice shouldn’t break the bank. That’s why our rates are highly competitive and our service is second to none. The UK’s tax system is one of the most complicated in the world. Let us help you with expert tax advice. See more < > Annual Accounts & Taxation Compliance Startup Companies & LLP Formations Onsite & Offsite Bookkeeping Payroll Services Small Business Accountant London Enterprise Investment Scheme Company Restoration Tax Calculator Why Choose Chartered Accountants? Give your business the best by choosing a chartered accountant. All our accountants in London are chartered, having successfully completed one of the most advanced accounting qualifications – the ACA. Choosing chartered accountants not only ensures you get outstanding service and the highest level of expertise, there are also many other benefits for your business. When you choose chartered accountants, your business is protected because we’re well-regulated. This means you won’t be wasting your time and money on unscrupulous accountants because our practice is always transparent and ethical. Chartered accountants are held fully accountable to the world’s most prestigious accounting body, the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales – the ICAEW. Choosing a chartered accountant benefits your business because our word is respected and taken seriously by HMRC. Our highly experienced team provides accountants London businesses rate highly for their responsiveness, effectiveness and competitive pricing. Tax Advisors & Chartered Accountants London: Accounting Services Whether running charities, franchises, or owner-managed businesses, it’s easy to get lost in a maze of numbers and terminology. From corporation tax to capital gains tax or income tax to inheritance tax, our personal chartered accountants will help guide you through. By letting a chartered accountant take over the stress of payroll, company accounts, tax returns, and other time-consuming admin, you can focus on doing what you do best – making your business as good as it can be. Our range of services can be applied to sole traders concerned about personal tax or if you’re a limited company in need of corporate finance advice. We welcome all enquiries and our expert London accountants are happy to see how we can help you. Here’s just a few of the services we offer: Annual Accounts and Taxation Compliance Payroll Services Onsite & Offsite Bookkeeping Startup Companies & LLP Formations Enterprise Investment Scheme Tax Calculator Annual Accounts and Taxation We always go above and beyond for our clients, which is why we don’t just punch numbers, we give you practical and fiscal commercial business advice. To prevent any last-minute headaches and provide an efficient service, we believe it is extremely helpful to gather all your necessary documents at the start of our instruction. This puts us in the best position to offer incisive expert advice about your tax planning and takes the pressure of meeting filing deadlines off your shoulders. All the information we collect is used to create a bespoke service for your company. We like to form relationships with our clients which is why we always prefer to meet you face-to-face in our London office. A one-on-one meeting provides the perfect opportunity for us to get to know your business and its unique financial needs. However, if it’s not possible for you to visit an accountant in our London office, we can still handle your case in just a few simple emails or phone calls. Businesses We consider ourselves businessmen first and great chartered accountants second. With 50 years’ experience working as accountants in London with a diverse range of clients, we have a wealth of expert advice to offer – it’s rare we encounter a problem we can’t solve. Startup Companies Setting up a business in London is exciting but it is also fraught with complications. It’s vital to consider earnings, cash flow, forecasts, owner’s residence and business type before forming a company. We always recommend seeking professional advice from a chartered accountant to help you save time and focus on making your business a success. We’ll ensure you’re set up as efficiently as possible. The insight and information we provide can help as you make decisions about financial planning and the direction of your business as it takes off. With our extensive experience in supporting startups, we’re here to support your business journey every step of the way. Small Business Accounts As expert small business accountants, we know the penalties associated with bad bookkeeping and poor tax compliance can really damage small businesses and result in tax investigations. Our small business accountants provide one-on-one support, tax advice, and accounting services. Starting a new business? Find out more about the Enterprise Investment Scheme Questions? Call us on 0207 488 3614 Speak directly to one of our team - Request a call back Recent Blog Articles < > Tax And Accounting Treatment For Website Development Costs Planning on building or updating the site for your company and not sure about the tax and accounting treatment for website development costs? Does it go under profit and loss and count as an expense? Or does it go on the balance sheet and count as an asset? 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Here is our guide to jury service expenses in the UK. Your employer has to let you attend the jury duty. They do not have to pay you for […] If you are called for jury duty, you can claim a certain amount ...read more What Is APY In Crypto And How Do You Calculate It? APY isn’t just a crypto-specific term – it crosses over from traditional finance, but is particularly important to crypto holders seeking to measure and compare the potential benefit from an investment. 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Decline Submit Cookie Preferences { const banner = document.querySelector("#uwp-cb"); const uwpConsentSet = localStorage.getItem("uwpConsentSet"); const cookieUpdate = document.querySelector("#uwp-cb-cookie-update"); // Hide banner if it has already been submitted if ((uwpConsentSet !== null && uwpConsentSet !== "false" && uwpConsentSet === "true") || typeof gtag !== "function") { if (!banner.classList.contains("off")) { banner.classList.add("off"); } if (typeof gtag == "function") { cookieUpdate.classList.remove("hidden"); } } else if ((uwpConsentSet == null || uwpConsentSet === "false") && typeof gtag == "function") { // Set default consent if (typeof gtag == "function") { gtag("consent", "default", { "ad_storage": "denied", "analytics_storage": "denied", "ad_user_data": "denied", "ad_personalization": "denied", }); } // Fade in animation setTimeout(() => { if (!banner.classList.contains("on")) { banner.classList.add("on"); } }, 700); } } { window.addEventListener("load", () => { const banner = document.querySelector("#uwp-cb"); const customiseButton = document.querySelector("#uwp-cb-customise"); const submitButton = document.querySelector("#uwp-cb-submit"); const acceptButton = document.querySelector("#uwp-cb-accept"); const declineButtons = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(".uwp-cb-button.decline")); const cookieUpdate = document.querySelector("#uwp-cb-cookie-update"); const basicView = document.querySelector(".uwp-cb-container.basic"); const customiseView = document.querySelector(".uwp-cb-container.customise"); const toggleView = () => { basicView.classList.toggle("hidden"); customiseView.classList.toggle("hidden"); } const hideBanner = () => { localStorage.setItem("uwpConsentSet", "true"); // Fade out the banner banner.classList.remove("on"); // Hide the banner completely setTimeout(() => { if (!banner.classList.contains("off")) { banner.classList.add("off"); } }, 500); // Show the cookie button cookieUpdate.classList.remove("hidden"); } const showBanner = () => { localStorage.setItem("uwpConsentSet", "false"); // Unhide the banner banner.classList.remove("off"); // Fade the banner in if (!banner.classList.contains("on")) { banner.classList.add("on"); } // Hide the cookie button if (!cookieUpdate.classList.contains("hidden")) { cookieUpdate.classList.add("hidden"); } } cookieUpdate.addEventListener("click", showBanner); customiseButton.addEventListener("click", toggleView); declineButtons.forEach(button => { button.addEventListener("click", () => { // Set consent if (typeof gtag == "function") { gtag("consent", "update", { "ad_storage": "denied", "analytics_storage": "denied", "ad_user_data": "denied", "ad_personalization": "denied" }); } hideBanner(); }) }) acceptButton.addEventListener("click", () => { // Set consent if (typeof gtag == "function") { gtag("consent", "update", { "ad_storage": "granted", "analytics_storage": "granted", "ad_user_data": "granted", "ad_personalization": "granted" }); } hideBanner(); }) submitButton.addEventListener("click", () => { const checkboxes = Array.from(banner.querySelectorAll('input[type="checkbox"]')); const preferences = { analytics: "granted", adPersonalisation: "granted" } checkboxes.forEach(checkbox => { if (checkbox.getAttribute("data-id") == "analytics") { if (checkbox.checked) { preferences.analytics = "granted"; } else { preferences.analytics = "denied"; } } if (checkbox.getAttribute("data-id") == "ad-personalisation") { if (checkbox.checked) { preferences.adPersonalisation = "granted"; } else { preferences.adPersonalisation = "denied"; } } }) hideBanner(); // Set consent if (typeof gtag == "function") { gtag("consent", "update", { "ad_storage": preferences.adPersonalisation, "analytics_storage": preferences.analytics, "ad_user_data": preferences.adPersonalisation, "ad_personalization": preferences.adPersonalisation }); } }) }) } /* Variables */ :root { --uwp-cb-green-color: #003e00; --uwp-cb-red-color: #3e0000; --uwp-cb-accent-color: #1d2f6f; --uwp-cb-text-color: #000000; --uwp-cb-cta-text-color: #FFFFFF; --uwp-cb-font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif; --uwp-cb-headline-font-size: 20px; --uwp-cb-paragraph-font-size: 13px; --uwp-cb-info-icon-size: 15px; --uwp-cb-tiny-font-size: 13px; --uwp-cb-switch-label-font-size: 13px; } #uwp-cb { position: fixed; bottom: 3%; left: 3%; width: 90%; max-width: 300px; background-color: #fff; padding: 15px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 19px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.35); -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 19px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.35); box-shadow: 0px 0px 19px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.35); border-radius: 25px; z-index: 9999999999; pointer-events: none; opacity: 0; transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in-out; font-family: var(--uwp-cb-font-family); color: var(--uwp-cb-text-color); } #uwp-cb * { pointer-events: none; } #uwp-cb.on, #uwp-cb.on * { pointer-events: all; opacity: 1; } #uwp-cb.off { display: none !important; } #uwp-cb * { padding: 0; margin: 0; } #uwp-cb h2, #uwp-cb p, #uwp-cb span, #uwp-cb input, #uwp-cb button, #uwp-cb a { font-family: var(--uwp-cb-font-family); letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.6; } #uwp-cb p, #uwp-cb span, #uwp-cb input { color: var(--uwp-cb-text-color); } #uwp-cb h2 { color: var(--uwp-cb-accent-color); font-size: var(--uwp-cb-headline-font-size); margin-bottom: 15px !important; font-weight: 700; } #uwp-cb p { font-size: var(--uwp-cb-paragraph-font-size); margin-bottom: 15px; font-weight: 400; } .uwp-cb-container.hidden { display: none; } .uwp-cb-button-container { display: grid; grid-gap: 5px; } .uwp-cb-button-container.basic { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; } .uwp-cb-button-container.customise { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; } .uwp-cb-button-container button { padding: 0; height: 35px; line-height: 1; font-family: var(--uwp-cb-font-family); font-weight: 700; font-size: 12px; background-color: var(--uwp-cb-accent-color); color: #fff; border-radius: 25px; border: none; cursor: pointer; outline: inherit; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out; } .uwp-cb-button-container button:hover { opacity: 0.7 !important; } .uwp-cb-button-container button.customise { background-color: #fff; border-style: solid; border-width: 2px; border-color: var(--uwp-cb-accent-color); color: var(--uwp-cb-accent-color); } .uwp-cb-button-container button.accept { background-color: var(--uwp-cb-green-color); } .uwp-cb-button-container button.decline { background-color: var(--uwp-cb-accent-color); } .uwp-cb-row { display: block; margin-bottom: 15px !important; } .uwp-cb-col { display: block; } .uwp-cb-col + .uwp-cb-col { margin-top: 15px !important; } .uwp-cb-switch { cursor: pointer; width: 100%; } .uwp-cb-switch input { display: none; } .uwp-cb-switch input:checked + .uwp-cb-switch-container { justify-content: flex-end; border-color: var(--uwp-cb-accent-color); } .uwp-cb-switch input:checked + .uwp-cb-switch-container .uwp-cb-switch-handle { background-color: var(--uwp-cb-accent-color); } .uwp-cb-switch-container { display: flex; width: 100%; justify-content: flex-start; border-style: solid; border-width: 2px; border-radius: 20px; border-color: #a5a5a5; padding: 3px !important; } .uwp-cb-switch-handle { width: 40px; height: 25px; border-radius: 13px; background-color: #a5a5a5; } .uwp-cb-switch-wrapper { width: 100%; } .uwp-cb-label { margin-bottom: 7px !important; display: flex; align-items: center; } .uwp-cb-label span { font-weight: 700; font-size: var(--uwp-cb-switch-label-font-size); margin-right: 3px !important; } .uwp-cb-info-container { width: var(--uwp-cb-info-icon-size); height: var(--uwp-cb-info-icon-size); position: relative; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } .uwp-cb-info-container svg { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; fill: var(--uwp-cb-text-color); } .uwp-cb-info-text { position: absolute; pointer-events: none !important; position: absolute; bottom: calc(100% + 12px); font-size: 11px; background-color: #fff; color: #000; border-radius: 8px; width: 135px; padding: 4px !important; line-height: 1.2; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 11px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.4); -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 11px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.4); box-shadow: 0px 0px 11px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.4); opacity: 0 !important; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; font-family: var(--uwp-cb-font-family); } .uwp-cb-switch-wrapper .uwp-cb-label .uwp-cb-info-container:hover .uwp-cb-info-text, .uwp-cb-switch-wrapper .uwp-cb-label .uwp-cb-info-container:active .uwp-cb-info-text { opacity: 1 !important; } .uwp-cb-switch-wrapper.functional .uwp-cb-switch { opacity: 0.5 !important; user-select: none !important; pointer-events: none !important; } .uwp-cb-switch-wrapper.functional .uwp-cb-switch * { user-select: none !important; pointer-events: none !important; } .uwp-cb-cookie-policy { display: block; margin-top: 15px !important; font-size: var(--uwp-cb-tiny-font-size); font-family: var(--uwp-cb-font-family); color: var(--uwp-cb-text-color); } .uwp-cb-cookie-policy a { font-weight: 700; color: var(--uwp-cb-accent-color); text-decoration: none; opacity: 1; } .uwp-cb-cookie-policy a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } #uwp-cb-cookie-update { position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; background-color: #fff; -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 19px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.35); -moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 19px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.35); box-shadow: 0px 0px 19px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.35); font-size: 11px; font-family: var(--uwp-cb-font-family); display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; user-select: none; border: none; cursor: pointer; z-index: 999; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; padding-top: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; color: var(--uwp-cb-text-color); } #uwp-cb-cookie-update.hidden { display: none; } @media screen and (max-width: 419px) { .uwp-cb-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } .uwp-cb-switch-handle { width: 30%; } } .uwp-cb-container h2 { border: none !important; }